食事の質と量だけでなく食べ方と食べる時刻も血糖指標に影響を与える

Abstract

Reducing the postprandial glucose and glycemic excursions is important to decrease the risk of metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, and dementia, even before onset of diabetes. Easy and effective diet is needed to reduce glycemic variability. We reported that what to eat first and when to eat effect glycemic parameters. The glucose excursions are significantly lower when the subjects eat vegetable before carbohydrate compared to the reverse regimen in both individuals with and without diabetes. For when to eat, meal timing also effects postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations. Consuming a late-night-dinner increases postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations, while divided consumption of late-night-dinner (eating vegetables and carbohydrate at early evening followed by vegetable and the main dish at late night) improves daily glycemic excursions and insulin secretion. Additionally, consuming snacks in the afternoon ameliorates glycemic excursions compared to those in consuming snacks after dinner. Thus, not only quality and quantity of meal but also the meal sequence and meal timing effect postprandial glucose and glycemic excursions in people with and without diabetes.