ムスリムNGOと地域紛争 : タジキスタン・山岳バダフシャン自治州の事例

Abstract

Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province, located in the mountainous region of eastern Tajikistan, is one of a few regions in the world where the majority of residents is Ismailis, a sect of Shia Islam. In the course of the Tajik civil war in the 1990s, the authority of the field commanders who led the anti-government armed forces increased in the regional community, and its informal influence was maintained even after peace agreement in 1997. And in the economic turmoil in Gorno-Badakhshan caused by the civil war, Aga Khan Development Network, an international NGO led by Aga Khan IV, the Ismaili Imam (Supreme Leader), provided extensive humanitarian assistance. By continuing to provide development assistance after peace, it has had a great influence on the regional economy and society. In Tajikistan, where the political regime has been rapidly becoming authoritarian since the 2000s, Gorno-Badakhshan was the last remaining region where the central government cannot fully govern. The strengthening of rule by the central government and the reaction of the regional community led to a massive armed confrontation in Khorog, the provincial capital in 2012. In this article, I review the political situation since the 1990s in Gorno-Badakhshan, centering on the three-sided relationship between the central government, former field commanders, and Aga Khan. And then I would like to show the future prospects of the region that occupies strategically important positions bordering China and Afghanistan.