ジェンダーと紛争 : 家父長制社会がもたらす暴力の連続性

Abstract

As previous research has shown, violence against women and girls, known as sexual and gender-based violence, SGBV, is continuous from peacetime to wartime. Women and girls become the victims of violence not only in wartime, but rather they experience rape, harassment, and other sexual crimes even in peacetime. In other words, men who damage women’s rights in peacetime often become perpetrators of more atrocious crimes in wartime. Moreover wartime violence against women and girls is more frequent in patriarchal societies. The reasons for this are, firstly, that pre-existing prejudices against women and neglect of women’s rights in these societies are amplified in wartime, and secondly, that in such societies, the violence against women and girls in wartime is considered to be a “weapon of war” because it dually damages the honor of the enemy’s men. Using case studies from Bosnia, Rwanda, East Timor, Sierra Leone, Nigeria and Japan, this article, therefore, argues that it is essential to empower women and girls in peacetime in order to eradicate violence against women and girls in wartime. To end violence against women and girls in wartime, it is necessary to start taking action in peacetime. In particular, letting women participate in the post-conflict peacebuilding process, punishing the perpetrators of wartime SGBV, and, finally, reforming patriarchal societies themselves are crucial in this regard.