働く若年男性の男女共同参画に関わる意識と実態 : そのライフスタイルと対女性評価との関係性を中心に

Abstract

若年男性はバブル経済崩壊以降の厳しい雇用情勢の変化の中で、結婚や就職においても変化や選択を迫られている。２０代後半から３０代後半までの働く若年男性を対象に、男女共同参画に関する意識と実態、ライフスタイルをＷ ｅｂ調査により、また共分散分構造析を用いて、女性への評価との関係から男女共同参画意識を規定する要因の因果関係を考察した。 未婚、既婚、また２０代後半、３０代前半、３０代後半で特徴的であり差異がある。特に３０代後半で未婚の年代は、他の年代や既婚と差異が大きい。ワーク・ライフバランスや経済的自立や家計責任において理想と現実の乖離が大きく、若年男性が置かれている生活の将来不安は非正規雇用と正規雇用による経済的不安と関係している。 男女共同参画を規定する要因を階層、仕事、生活満足、女性への評価の因果関係を分析するため、社会経済的地位、現在の仕事に求めるもの、ワーク・ライフバランス、生活満足、女性への評価の５つに整理した。その結果、未婚、既婚男性ともに社会経済的な地位を得て、仕事や生活満足を高く持っている人たちが、女性を積極的に評価し、経済的な自立も求め、さらに男女共同参画社会が進展することを望んでいるという関係が分かった。自分が社会で承認されていないと考える未婚男性は女性の仕事能力を低く、不十分としか評価できない状態になっている。若年男性が自分を評価できる社会システムが必要である。

This paper intends to analyze the consciousness of Japanese young men (in Osaka area) with respect to the gender equality and inquire into relations between the types of their lifestyle and their assessment of women. As a result, we found that there are significant differences between married young men and unmarried ones as well as among young men from 25 to 30 years old, those from 30 to 35 and those elder than 35, as far as their perceptions of gender equality are concerned. In particular, unmarried young men over 35 years old tend to demonstrate different attitude in comparison with those married belonging to the same age group. Also we found out a difference concerning their assessment of women between regular employees, who enjoy economic independence and have financial responsibility for their families and irregular ones who do not have such responsibility. This difference in the form of employment is very important for our analysis, because it explains to some extent different perceptions of young men toward women. To make clear relations between the factors which determine attitude toward gender equality and those related to their assessment of women, we selected class, job and grade of satisfaction with life as examples of the former factors and socioeconomic position, expectations from present works, work — life balance, life satisfaction, and perceptions of women (evaluation of their ability to work, their desire for the whole independence and economic one in particular) as the second factors. As a result of our analysis based upon the AMOS 7 (a software for covariant structural analysis), we found that both married and unmarried young men who have got a good socioeconomic status and are satisfied with their works and life tend to appreciate highly women and desire their economic independence.