カナダ・オンタリオ州における州立知的障害者入所施設閉鎖の歴史的過程 : コミュニティリビング・オンタリオの活動に焦点を当てて

Abstract

This paper looks at which agents and how those agents have advocated for the closure of provincial institutions for persons with intellectual disabilities in Ontario of Canada. The conclusions that this paper draws are as follows. First, it is found that the closure policy was led by the initiative of provincial government, based upon the advocacy of Community Living Ontario which is families- based organization. The CLO advocated for the downsizing of institutions in the 1960s and gradual closure by provincial government has been carried out through the range of supports in community by associations of CLO that have emerged since 1970s. In the 1980s CLO sharpened its focus on providing full integration in the community for all people with intellectual disabilities. After the strategy proposed by the Ministry in 1987 which closes all of the institutions during the next 25 years, all of the remaining institutions had closed in 2009 by the pressure of CLO Second, the governments and advocates saw the economic benefits of community living with emphasis on human rights. The deinstitutionalization was driven not so much by social democratic ideals as by a liberal ideology, which criticizes inefficiency of institutions and puts emphasis upon the rationality of community based services by the perspective of cost-effectiveness.